From the FB page of:
SEA Heritage & History
| How could the Malaysian Ministry of Education permit someone to make unfounded statements while presenting themselves as a " Professor " ? " if she had expressed such views without invoking her academic credentials, I would not have considered it a concern.”
The claim that Srivijaya was an Islamic empire is not supported by credible historical evidence.
Primary inscriptions from the 7th century, including the Kedukan Bukit (683 CE) and Talang Tuwo (684 CE) inscriptions, clearly show Buddhist terminology and Sanskrit religious expressions. These inscriptions reflect Mahayana Buddhist concepts, not Islamic doctrine.
Chinese monk Yijing, who stayed in Srivijaya in 671 CE, described it as a major center of Buddhist learning with more than 1,000 monks studying Buddhist scriptures before traveling to India. His records provide direct contemporary testimony.
Archaeological findings in Palembang, Jambi and surrounding areas include Buddhist statues, stupas, and Vajrayana artifacts, not mosques, Islamic royal titles, or Islamic inscriptions from the Srivijaya period.
Historically, Islam began spreading significantly in the Indonesian archipelago around the 12th-13th centuries. By that time, Srivijaya had already declined after the 1025 attack by the South Indian Chola kingdom. The earliest clearly documented Islamic kingdom in the region was Samudera Pasai in the 13th century, not Srivijaya.
Mainstream historians such as George Cลdรจs, O.W. Wolters, Anthony Reid, and M.C. Ricklefs consistently identify Srivijaya as a Buddhist maritime empire.
Historical discussion should be grounded in inscriptions, archaeology, and credible scholarship, not retrospective reinterpretation without evidence.
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Source:
1. George Cลdรจs, The Indianized States of Southeast Asia (1968).
2. O.W. Wolters, Early Indonesian Commerce (1967).
3. Yijing, A Record of the Buddhist Religion as Practiced in India and the Malay Archipelago (7th century).
4. Anthony Reid, Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce (1988).
5. M.C. Ricklefs, A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200 (2001).
'Srivijaya was an Islamic empire'?
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Ishmael, Buddhist or Hindu it doesn't matter.
ReplyDeleteClearly the Southern Seas was under the boundaries of the Srivijaya Empire as far back as the 13th century and beyond.
Solid Proof.
Eastern Bully was a Johnny Come Very Lately with the Dashed Lines Nonsense.
Map of the expansion of the Srivijaya empire, beginning in Palembang in the 7th century, then extending to most of Sumatra, then expanding to Java, Riau Islands, Bangka Belitung, Singapore, Malay Peninsula (also known as: Kra Peninsula), Thailand, Cambodia, South Vietnam, Kalimantan, Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah, and ended as the Kingdom of Dharmasraya in Jambi in the 13th century.
Click the map to see the expansion of the Empire.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srivijaya
Google:
DeleteKey points regarding the timeline of Chinese maritime exploration include:
Early Maritime Activity (Pre-Han/Han): Fishermen and coastal residents of southeastern China likely used coastal waters from very early times. The First Emperor of China, Qin Shihuang (r. 221–210 BCE), showed active interest in the Southern Seas (Nanhai), with archaeological evidence of state-supervised shipyards from the 3rd to 2nd century BCE.
The "Silk Road of the Sea" (Han Dynasty): In 111 BCE, Emperor Wu of Han pushed into the south to access maritime trade routes, with reports of Chinese vessels trading as far as Southeast Asia and India.
Systematic Exploration (3rd Century CE): During the Three Kingdoms period, rulers like Sun Quan (r. 222–252) began to systematically explore the seas, sending diplomats like Zhu Ying and Kang Tai to Southeast Asia to study foreign lands.
The "Golden Age" (Ming Dynasty): The most famous and massive, state-sponsored expeditions, often regarded as the pinnacle of Chinese naval power, were the seven voyages led by Admiral Zheng He between 1405 and 1433.
Clearly the Southern Seas belong to Yindians.
ReplyDeleteYaloh, in yr wet dream, mfer
Delete